Clear Concept Of Narraion : All Rules Of Narraion with example
Narraion Step by Step with Rules and Example
Narration ২ প্রকার - (১) Direct Narration (২) Indirect Narration
যেকোনো পরীক্ষায় সাধারণত Direct Narration থেকে Indirect Narration এ রুপান্তর করতে বলা হয় । তবে আপনি ভালোকরে শিখে গেলে Indirect থেকে Direct করতে পারবেন ।
যারা শুরু থেকে Narration শিখতে চাইছেন তারা একটু মনোযোগ সহকারে দেখবেন । Narration এর দুটি অংশ থাকে - (1) Reporting verb (2) Reported speech
Direct Narration
She said , " Will you go to college, Apurba ?
Reporting verb = She saidInverted Comma = , "Reported speech = Will you go to college, Apurba ?
এর চেয়ে সহজ করে আপনাকে কেউ বোঝাবে না । তাই একটু সময় নিয়ে বোঝার চেষ্টা করুন কাজে দিবে । আর একবার বুঝে গেলে আপনি নিজেই করতে পারবেন ।
Step-1:
Changes Of Reporting verb and Inverted Comma
| Reporting verb (Direct) | Sentence | Indirect |
|---|---|---|
| Assertive sentence | Says/told [ ,” পরিবর্তে that] | |
| Interrogative sentence | Asked [ ,” পরিবর্তে if / wh word] | |
| Say / said to | Imparative sentence | Request/order/advise [ ,” পরিবর্তে to / that] |
| Optative sentence | Wish/pray [ ,” পরিবর্তে that] | |
| Exclamaory sentece | Exclaim with joy/ sorrow [ ,” পরিবর্তে that] |
একটু দেখে নিন -
Assertive sentence Reporting verb Change
Direct: He said to me,"Indirect: He told me that .......
Interrogative sentence Reporting verb Change
Direct: Peter said, “Are you from Australia ?Indirect: Peter asked if .......
Imparative sentence Reporting verb Change
Direct: The man said, “Please, bring me a chair.”
Indirect: The man requested to .......
Optative sentence Reporting verb Change
Direct : My friend said to me, "Good morning, I am happy to see you !"
Indirect : My friend wished good morning to me and said that .......
Exclamaory sentece Reporting verb Change
Direct : The student said, "Alas! My friend is fool."
Indirect : The student exclaimed with sorrow that .......
Step-2:
Changes Of Subject and Object In Reported Speech at Indirect Narration
Reported speech এর Subject এবং Object পরিবর্তন করতে হবে । এটি পরিবর্তনের ধরাবাধা কোনো নিয়োম নেই শুধু একটু বুঝে করতে হবে । কিছু উধাহরন দেখে নেওয়া যাক -
Direct: They said, “We will be partying tonight.”
Indirect: They said that they would be partying that night.
Indirect: They said that they would be partying that night.
Direct: I told George, “You should stay.”
Indirect: I told George that he should stay.
Direct: She asked, “How are you doing today?”
Indirect: She asked me how I was doing that day.
Direct: Mother said, “Listen to your elders.”
Indirect: Mother advised me to listen to my elders.
Indirect: Mother advised me to listen to my elders.
Direct: Mr. Sakib said, “Do not go near the house.”
Indirect: Mr. Sakib forbade going near the house.
প্রথমে একটু দেখে নিতে হবে বাক্যে কতগুলো ব্যাক্তির উক্তি আছে । সাধারণত দুই জন ব্যাক্তির উক্তি থাকতে পারে কিন্তু কিছু সময় একাধিক ব্যাক্তির উক্তি থাকে । অন্যেরা যখন নিজেদের মধ্যে কথোপকথন করে , ধরে নিন আপনি তৃতীয় পক্ষ হিসেবে সেটা দূর থেকে শুনলেন এবং পরে সেই কথাটা অন্য একজনকে বলবেন বিষয়টা ঠিক এরকম ।Step-3:
Changes Of Tense In Reported Speech at Indirect Narration
Tense পরিবর্তন -
Subject পরিবর্তন শেষে Tense পরিবর্তন করে Verb বসাতে হবে । এবং সবশেষে Object থাকলে সেটা পরিবর্তন করে দিলেই হয়ে যাবে ।
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite |
| Present continuos | Past continuos |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Past Indefinite | Past Perfect |
| Past Perfect | Past Perfect |
| past Perfect continuos | Past Perfect |
| Past continuos | Past Perfect continuos |
| Future(shall/will) | Future(should/would) |
Last Step:
Changes Of Word In Reported Speech at Indirect Narration
| Direct | Indirect | Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Now | Then | Here | There |
| Ago | Before | Hence | Thence |
| Today | That day | This | That |
| To night | That night | Thease | Those |
| Tomorrow | The next day | Thus | That way/so |
| yesterday | The previous day | Come | Go |
| Last night | The previous night | ||
| Next week/year | The following week/year |
Changes Of Modal In Reported Speech
| Direct | Indirect | Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shall/will/may | Should/would/might | May have | Might have |
| Can/Can be | Could/could be | Need/dare | Needed/dared |
| Shall be/Will be | Should be/would be | must | Had to |
| May be | Might be | Must have | must have had+ (noun) |
| Should/could have | Should/could have had |
যারা অরো একটু বিস্তারিত ভাবে শিখতে চান তারা Narration এর বেশ কিচু Rules দেখে নিতে পারেন
Important Rules Of Narration
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