Clear Concept Of Narraion : All Rules Of Narraion Lesson in English

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Narraion Step by Step with Rules and Example

Narration are two types - (1) Direct Narration (2) Indirect Narration

Any test is usually asked to convert from Direct Narration to Indirect Narration. However, if you learn well, you can direct from Indirect.

Those who want to learn Narration from the beginning will watch it with a little attention. Narration has two parts - (1) Reporting verb (2) Reported speech

Direct Narration

She said , " Will you go to college, Apurba ?

Reporting verb = She said
Inverted Comma = , "
Reported speech = Will you go to college, Apurba ?

No one will make it easier for you. So try to understand with a little time will work. And once you understand, you can do it yourself.

Step-1:

Changes Of Reporting verb and Inverted Comma

Reporting verb (Direct)	Sentence	Indirect
	Assertive sentence	Says/told [ ,” Instead that]
	Interrogative sentence	Asked [ ,” Instead if / wh word]
Say / said to	Imparative sentence	Request/order/advise [ ,” Instead to / that]
	Optative sentence	Wish/pray [ ,” Instead that]
	Exclamaory sentece	Exclaim with joy/ sorrow [ ,” Instead that]

Have a look -

Assertive sentence Reporting verb Change

Direct: He said to me,"
Indirect: He told me that .......

Interrogative sentence Reporting verb Change

Direct: Peter said, “Are you from Australia ?
Indirect: Peter asked if .......

Imparative sentence Reporting verb Change

Direct: The man said, “Please, bring me a chair.”
Indirect: The man requested to .......

Optative sentence Reporting verb Change

Direct : My friend said to me, "Good morning, I am happy to see you !"
Indirect : My friend wished good morning to me and said that .......

Exclamaory sentece Reporting verb Change

Direct : The student said, "Alas! My friend is fool."
Indirect : The student exclaimed with sorrow that .......

Step-2:

Changes Of Subject and Object In Reported Speech at Indirect Narration

Subject and Object of Reported speech need to be changed. It just needs to be understood that there are no rules for change. Let's take a look at some examples -

Direct: They said, “We will be partying tonight.”
Indirect: They said that they would be partying that night.

Direct: I told George, “You should stay.”
Indirect: I told George that he should stay.

Direct: She asked, “How are you doing today?”
Indirect: She asked me how I was doing that day.

Direct: Mother said, “Listen to your elders.”
Indirect: Mother advised me to listen to my elders.

Direct: Mr. Sakib said, “Do not go near the house.”
Indirect: Mr. Sakib forbade going near the house.

First you have to look at how many people are in the sentence. Usually there can be quotes from two people but sometimes there are quotes from more than one person. When others talk to each other, suppose you hear it from a distance as a third party and then tell that to another person.

Step-3:

Changes Of Tense In Reported Speech at Indirect Narration

Changes Of Tense -

After changing the subject, you have to change the tense and put the verb. And lastly, if there is an Object, it can be changed.

Direct	Indirect
Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite
Present continuos	Past continuos
Present Perfect	Past Perfect
Past Indefinite	Past Perfect
Past Perfect	Past Perfect
past Perfect continuos	Past Perfect
Past continuos	Past Perfect continuos
Future(shall/will)	Future(should/would)

Last Step:

Changes Of Word In Reported Speech at Indirect Narration

Direct	Indirect	Direct	Indirect
Now	Then	Here	There
Ago	Before	Hence	Thence
Today	That day	This	That
To night	That night	Thease	Those
Tomorrow	The next day	Thus	That way/so
yesterday	The previous day	Come	Go
Last night	The previous night
Next week/year	The following week/year

Changes Of Modal In Reported Speech

Direct	Indirect	Direct	Indirect
Shall/will/may	Should/would/might	May have	Might have
Can/Can be	Could/could be	Need/dare	Needed/dared
Shall be/Will be	Should be/would be	must	Had to
May be	Might be	Must have	must have had+ (noun)
Should/could have	Should/could have had